Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a condition that affects the blood vessels outside of the heart, primarily in the legs. It occurs when these blood vessels become narrowed or blocked, reducing blood flow to the extremities. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including pain, cramping, numbness, and tingling.
Causes and Risk Factors
PVD is often caused by atherosclerosis, a condition in which plaque builds up in the arteries. This plaque can narrow the arteries and eventually block them completely. Other risk factors for PVD include:
Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for PVD. It damages the blood vessels and can lead to plaque buildup.
High blood pressure: High blood pressure puts stress on the blood vessels and can increase the risk of PVD.
High cholesterol: High cholesterol levels can contribute to plaque buildup in the arteries.
Diabetes: Diabetes can damage the blood vessels and peripheral vascular disease increase the risk of PVD.
Age: The risk of PVD increases with age.
Family history of PVD or other cardiovascular diseases
Symptoms of Peripheral Vascular Disease
The most common symptom of PVD is intermittent claudication. This is a pain or cramping in the legs that occurs during physical activity and is relieved by rest. Other symptoms of PVD may include:
Numbness or tingling in the legs or feet
Coldness in the legs or feet
Sores or ulcers on the legs or feet that do not heal
Weak or absent pulses in the legs or feet
Hair loss on the legs
Changes in the color of the skin on the legs or feet
Diagnosis and peripheral vascular disease Treatment
If you are experiencing symptoms of PVD, it is important to see a doctor. They will perform a physical exam and may order tests, such as an ankle-brachial index (ABI) or a Doppler ultrasound, to diagnose PVD.
The treatment for PVD depends on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet, may be sufficient. In more severe cases, medications or peripheral vascular disease surgical procedures may be necessary.
Peripheral vascular disease is a serious condition that can have a significant impact on quality of life. However, with early diagnosis and treatment, it is possible to manage the symptoms and prevent complications. If you are concerned about your risk of PVD, talk to your doctor.
